East Texas is a region known for our lush pine forests. The combination of suitable climate, soil and historical ecological conditions has created a welcoming environment for our beloved pine trees. The presence of these trees has not only shaped the landscape but also contributed to the economic and ecological well-being of the region.  However, it is essential to strike a balance between preserving native ecosystems and managing pine forests sustainability for the benefit of both people and wildlife.

The Pineywoods contain three native species of Southern Yellow Pine that occupy these commercially important forests. The Loblolly Pine, the Shortleaf Pine, and the Longleaf Pine.

Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) is the most common and commercially important pine species in East Texas. It grows well in the region’s sandy soils and is a fast-growing tree. This tree grows well in the region’s sandy soils and can reach heights of 125 feet with a trunk diameter of 4 feet. Harvested wood is widely used for lumber, plywood, and paper production.

Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) is another important native species in East Texas. This species prefers well-drained soils and can be found mixed with other pines and hardwoods. Shortleaf pine can reach heights of 100 feet and a trunk diameter larger than two feet. The shortleaf pine has shorter needles as compared to the Loblolly pine. Its wood is used for construction and utility pools.

The Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) is the last of the native species of Southern Yellow Pines in East Texas, but its population has drastically declined due to historical logging and land clearing. Efforts are being made to restore Longleaf pine ecosystems in the region. This majestic tree can reach heights of 125 feet with a diameter of 4 feet. This species reaches its greatest size on dry, sandy hills, but also can be found in the southeast Texas flatwood plant communities. The wood is highly valued for its strength and is used in construction, utility poles and high-quality flooring.

The unique structure of East Texa native pine forests, with their open understory and needle-covered forest floor, creates a distinct microclimate that benefits many wildlife species. The presence of the Pineywoods’ different native pine species can contribute to all living things by offering varying habitats and resources. Conservation efforts to protect and restore the pine ecosystem to east Texas are not only important for sustaining timber resources but also preserving the diverse wildlife that depends on these habitats. Proper forest management practices, including controlled burns and reforestation with native pine species, can help maintain a healthy and resilient pine forest ecosystem. So, when in doubt, plant an East Texas native pine tree!

Smith County Master Gardeners are volunteer educators certified and coordinated by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service.

Karen Walker

Smith County Master Gardener